At the end of the 19th century, the Chisinau railway station held paramount significance as the city’s most crucial edifice, owing to the fact that, during that era, the fastest and most pivotal mode of transportation was the railway.

The initial construction of the railway station occurred in the 1870s, with some records indicating the erection of a provisional wooden structure in its early stages.

The subsequent station building was completed in the late 1870s, following the architectural design by Ghenry Lonski.

Historical accounts vary regarding the inaugural arrival of the first train at the station. While some assert it transpired on August 15, 1871, others contend it took place on August 28 of the same year. The discrepancy might be attributed to the utilization of either the new or old style calendar. Nevertheless, what holds significance is that this event transpired in August 1871, marking the commencement of railway history in Bessarabia during that period. The inaugural train journey originated from Odessa.

The station building, constructed in a rectangular layout, featured brick-lined facades. The central facade exhibited a sizable opening with a semicircular arch-niche, supported by a triple arch at the main entrance.

On July 29, 2004, the station square became home to two distinctive monuments — one being an old locomotive with serial number 1469, situated beneath the bridge adjacent to the station. This locomotive, which once operated the Ungheni to Cornești route until 1969, was manufactured in Poznan, Poland. Following a two-month restoration, it now serves as an open-air exhibit.

The station building faced adversity during wartime, particularly in 1941 when it was attacked by the Red Army. Despite partial restoration, it succumbed to complete destruction in 1944 due to bombing raids.

In 1948, architects A. Shchusev and L. Ciuprin undertook the reconstruction of the station, utilizing stone for construction and brick for finishing. Among the subsequent structures erected in proximity was the tram pavilion, constructed in 1976 adjacent to the station building. Another round of reconstruction commenced on July 30, 2003, focusing on the roof above the departure pavilions.